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class="content-box n-box"> <div class="body-right"> <div class="breadCrumb ThemeFborder"> <b>您當前的位置：</b><a href="/">首頁</a><em>></em> <a href="/Article-index.html" class="Themefont">下載</a><em>></em><a href="/Articles-24510.html" class="Themefont">行業資訊</a> </div>   <div class="row"> <div class="news-nr-box"> <style> body .news-nr-box h1{ font-size:18px; font-family:Airal; text-align:center; line-height:25px; padding: 10px 0; margin:0px; color:#333; } </style> <div class="news1-title"> <h1>大口咀嚼蔬菜時，你有在意過蔬菜的感受么？</h1> <h6> <span>2015-12-10</span> <span>　來自:  湛江市?？粕锟萍加邢薰? </span> <span style="margin-left:10px;">瀏覽次數:1047</span> </h6> </div> <p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">在對擬南芥屬<a target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 92, 172); text-decoration: none;">植物</a>進行檢測之后，科學家得出了這一結論。研究指出擬南芥屬植物能夠根據咀嚼方式和口水判斷自己被何種昆蟲啃食。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">美國密蘇里州大學高級研究科學家海蒂-阿珀爾在接受《華盛頓郵報》采訪時表示：“擬南芥的葉片對毛蟲的咀嚼和蚜蟲的吮吸會做出不同的反應，這一點并不令我們感到非常吃驚。真正令我們感到吃驚的是，擬南芥對每一種毛蟲的咀嚼和蚜蟲的吮吸做出的反應存在巨大差異。擬南芥有能力分辨昆蟲，知道自己正被哪種昆蟲攻擊?！?/p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">研究過程中，阿珀爾教授給菜粉蝶幼蟲和甜菜夜蛾喂食擬南芥。根據她的預測，隨著昆蟲的進食，擬南芥能夠通過咀嚼和吮吸的差異分辨出自己究竟被菜粉蝶幼蟲還是甜菜夜蛾攻擊。此外，她還認為這種植物有能力分辨多種昆蟲，甚至在不同昆蟲同時啃食它們的情況下也是如此。為了驗證自己的理論，阿珀爾將昆蟲吃過的擬南芥收集起來，而后在<a target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 92, 172); text-decoration: none;">實驗室</a>提取<a target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 92, 172); text-decoration: none;">基因</a>并冷凍。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">植物會采取一系列方式進行防御，例如釋放辣味和腐臭味。這些防御手段均在基因中得到表達。通過<a target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 92, 172); text-decoration: none;">基因</a><a target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 92, 172); text-decoration: none;">分析</a>，阿珀爾發現擬南芥能夠感知到毛蟲流口水，所采取的防御方式與感知到蝴蝶不同。對于不同的昆蟲，植物會做出不同的反應，說明植物能夠分辨昆蟲，知道自己正遭受何種昆蟲攻擊。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">阿珀爾希望這項研究發現能夠幫助科學家培育出天生就對昆蟲具有抵抗力的植物，而不是噴灑殺蟲劑。她的研究立基于2014年的一項研究，后者發現植物能夠分辨出附近的聲響，例如進食聲，而后對所處環境中的各種威脅做出響應。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">研究過程中，阿珀爾將毛蟲放到擬南芥上面。借助于激光以及擬南芥葉片上的一小片反光物料，阿珀爾對葉片內因毛蟲咀嚼出現的活動進行測量。在此之后，阿珀爾向一組擬南芥播放毛蟲進食時產生的振動錄音，向另一組擬南芥播放無振動聲錄音。當給毛蟲喂食兩組擬南芥時，研究人員發現此前曾聽過振動錄音的擬南芥分泌更多芥子油。芥子油是一種化學物質，對很多毛蟲沒有任何吸引力。</p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">研究論文合著者萊克斯-科克羅夫特指出：“我們得出了一項引人注目的發現：當擬南芥感知到不同的振動——例如微風產生的振動——或者不同昆蟲發出的聲響，哪怕與毛蟲進食產生的振動擁有一些相同的聲學特征，擬南芥的化學防御也不會加強。這一現象說明擬南芥有能力區分進食振動和其他常見的環境振動源?！?/p><p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 25px; overflow: hidden; width: 839.984375px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: helvetica, tahoma, arial, 宋體, sans-serif;">作者：生物幫</p><p><br/></p> </div> <div class="pager ks-clear"> <span class="iconfont1 iconjiantou newsjiantou-left" style="font-size: 32px!important;display: none;" ></span> <div class="previous fl"> <span style="padding-top: 5px;">上一條：</span> <a title="傳統性別二分法過于簡單" class="Themebg Themebghover" href="/Article-detail-id-369882.html">傳統性別二分法過于簡單</a> </div> <span class="iconfont1 iconjiantou newsjiantou-right" style="font-size: 32px!important; display: none;" ></span> <div class="next fr"> <span style="padding-top: 5px; left: none;right: 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